Steroids are synthetic substances derived from testosterone that stimulate muscle growth
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS): Synthetic derivatives of testosterone with a predominance of anabolic effect (protein building) over androgenic effect
Steroids are lipid hormones essential for numerous bodily functions; their synthetic versions save lives when properly prescribed, but can be dangerous if taken without proper supervision
How Do They Work?
They cross the cell membrane due to being lipid-soluble → bind to cytoplasmic receptors → the hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and modulates gene transcription → synthesis or inhibition of specific proteins (enzymes, ion channels, structural proteins).
Sex Steroid / Sex Hormones
Examples: testosterone, estrogens, progesterone
Regulate sexual development, spermatogenesis, menstrual cycle, secondary characteristics
CHEMICALLY
Cyclic lipids: derived from cholesterol (natural precursor)
Four-ring nucleus (three six-carbon rings and one five-carbon ring) with different side groups that determine their function
RESULTS
Rapid increases in lean mass and strength, but studies do not demonstrate that they improve skill, agility, or actual athletic performance.
ADMINISTRATION
Injections are typically intramuscular, and they are also available in oral administration form.
